In its simplest terms, it’s a form of additive manufacturing (material is added, not removed).

This is how it works, step by step:

1. Create a digital design: The first stage is to create a digital model in a 3D modeling program (CAD – Computer Aided Design) or by using a 3D scanner. Another option is to find a pre-existing 3D model design, for example from a company database or design-sharing website, click here for sources.

2. Import: Next, import the design to 3D printing software, such as Ultimaker Cura. This free and open-source software slices the digital model into layers, and converts these into a G-code file, which can be ‘read’ by the 3D printer.

3. Save / transfer: The Ultimaker Cura file is saved to a USB, which is inserted into your machine. Alternatively, the file can be saved to the cloud, then sent to the printer.

4. 3D print: The final step is to press print. The printers produce layers of material, one on top of the other. This forms the finished object. Desktop printers usually use plastic filaments, which are fed in, then melted in the print head. This liquid substance is extruded onto the build plate. (This can vary between technologies – more on this later.)